How to extend the life of the reference electrode?  When you strictly follow the precautions for the reference electrode, you can extend the life of the reference electrode. You can refer to the following points: 1. During measurement, the reference electrode salt bridge liquid level should be (2-3) cm higher than the interface to be tested to prevent the liquid to be tested from diffusing into the reference electrode. For example, the liquid to be tested contains chlorides, sulfides and complexes. The inward diffusion of mixtures, silver salts and perchlorates will affect the potential of the reference electrode. 2. The filling liquid inside the reference electrode needs to be replaced frequently. The filling solution needs to choose the ratio of analytical pure reagent and DI water. 3. The electrode potential of SCE has a large negative temperature coefficient and thermal hysteresis, so try to prevent the large fluctuation of SCE temperature during measurement. The operating temp...

      The GDL is a porous structure made by weaving carbon fibers into a carbon cloth (e.g. GDL-CT and ELAT) or by pressing carbon fibers together into a carbon paper.  Many of the standard GDLs that are produced today come with a Micro Porous layer (MPL) and hydrophobic treatment (PTFE).  The MPL and PTFE help with the contact to the membrane and with water management.  The MPL typically provides a smooth layer with plenty of surface area for catalyst and good contact with the membrane.  The MPL often uses PTFE as a binder that increases hydrophobicity, which helps keep the water within the membrane from escaping – drying out the membrane and causing higher resistance (lower performance).  There is often an additional PTFE coating on the MPL surface to further augment this. What Exactly Does a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Do? GDL essentially acts as an electrode that facilitates diffusion of reactants across the catalyst layered membrane. The surfac...